Padrões e Métodos de Carregamento

Compreender tipos de carregamento de VEs, conectores e velocidades

Compreender o carregamento de VEs pode parecer complicado no início, mas é na verdade bastante simples quando se aprende o básico. Existem três níveis principais de carregamento e vários tipos de conectores usados em diferentes regiões e fabricantes.

An infographic showing the three levels of EV charging side by side: Level 1 (standard outlet), Level 2 (wall-mounted charger), and DC Fast Charging (commercial charging station). Include charging speeds and typical use cases for each. Clean, educational design with icons and simple illustrations.

Charging Levels Explained

Level 1 Charging (120V AC)

What is it?: Charging from a standard household outlet (120V in North America).

Specifications:

  • Power: 1.4-1.9 kW
  • Speed: 3-5 miles of range per hour
  • Full charge: 40-50+ hours

Best For:

  • Overnight charging for low daily mileage
  • Emergency backup charging
  • PHEVs with small batteries
  • No installation required

Level 2 Charging (240V AC)

What is it?: Charging from a 240V outlet (like a dryer outlet) or dedicated EV charger.

Specifications:

  • Power: 3.3-19.2 kW (typically 7.2-11 kW)
  • Speed: 12-60 miles of range per hour
  • Full charge: 4-10 hours

Best For:

  • Home charging (most common)
  • Workplace charging
  • Public parking lots
  • Overnight or daily charging

Note: This is the sweet spot for most EV owners. Fast enough for daily needs, gentle on the battery, and affordable to install.

DC Fast Charging (DCFC)

What is it?: High-power DC charging that bypasses the car's onboard charger.

Specifications:

  • Power: 50-350 kW
  • Speed: 100-200+ miles in 15-30 minutes
  • 80% charge: 20-40 minutes

Best For:

  • Road trips and long-distance travel
  • Quick top-ups when needed
  • Commercial/fleet vehicles
  • When you can't charge at home

Important: Charging slows significantly after 80% to protect battery health. For fastest charging, plan to charge from 10-80%.

A detailed illustration showing different EV charging connector types: J1772, CCS Combo 1, CCS Combo 2, CHAdeMO, Tesla NACS, and Type 2. Each connector should be clearly labeled with its name and region of use (North America, Europe, etc.). Technical but accessible illustration style.

Tipos de Conectores por Região

América do Norte

J1772 (Type 1)

Use: Carregamento AC de Nível 1 e Nível 2

Compatibility: All non-Tesla EVs in North America

Power: Até 19.2 kW (tipicamente 7.2 kW)

CCS Combo 1 (CCS1)

Use: Carregamento rápido DC

Compatibility: Most non-Tesla EVs in North America

Power: 50-350 kW

Note: Combines J1772 with DC pins for one universal port

Tesla NACS (North American Charging Standard)

Use: Todos os níveis de carregamento (AC e DC)

Compatibility: Tesla vehicles, becoming industry standard

Power: Até 250 kW (Supercharger V3)

Note: Ford, GM e outros a adotar NACS para veículos futuros

CHAdeMO

Use: DC fast charging

Compatibility: Nissan Leaf, older Japanese EVs

Power: Até 62.5 kW (algumas estações até 100 kW)

Note: Being phased out in favor of CCS

Europa

Type 2 (Mennekes)

Use: Level 2 AC charging

Compatibility: All EVs in Europe

Power: Up to 43 kW (typically 7-22 kW)

Note: European standard for AC charging

CCS Combo 2 (CCS2)

Use: DC fast charging

Compatibility: All modern EVs in Europe

Power: 50-350 kW

Note: Combines Type 2 with DC pins, European standard

Fatores que Afetam a Velocidade de Carregamento

Limitações do Veículo

  • Capacidade do carregador de bordo (para carregamento AC)
  • Taxa máxima de carregamento DC (específica do veículo)
  • Temperatura da bateria (frio = mais lento)
  • Estado de carga (abranda após 80%)

Limitações do Carregador

  • Saída de potência do carregador (classificação kW)
  • Circuitos partilhados (potência dividida entre carros)
  • Capacidade da rede no local
  • Condição do carregador e manutenção

Key Point: Your charging speed is limited by whichever is lower - your vehicle's maximum charging rate or the charger's output. A 350 kW charger won't charge a vehicle with a 50 kW max rate any faster than a 50 kW charger would.

Compreender a Curva de Carregamento

O carregamento rápido DC não mantém a velocidade máxima durante toda a sessão. Em vez disso, segue uma "curva de carregamento":

0-20%:
Fast charging, but battery may be cold
20-50%:
Peak charging speed (fastest period)
50-80%:
Gradually slowing down
80-100%:
Significantly slower (battery protection)

Pro Tip: For fastest road trip charging, plan to charge from 10-20% up to 80%. The last 20% takes almost as long as the first 80%, so it's more efficient to stop more frequently and charge to 80% rather than waiting for 100%.

Referência Rápida

Carregamento Diário: Nível 2 em casa (7-11 kW) - ligue durante a noite

Viagens: Carregamento Rápido DC (50-350 kW) - paragens de 20-30 minutos

Emergência: Nível 1 de qualquer tomada - lento mas funciona em qualquer lugar

América do Norte: J1772 (AC) + CCS1 ou NACS (DC)

Europa: Tipo 2 (AC) + CCS2 (DC)

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